参考词典中affirmative action的常规释义：
基本释义
- 肯定行动
平权措施。平权措施始于美国最高法院19世纪中叶在有关人种问题的司法判决中，依据宪法的平等保障原则来保护黑色人种公民的权利的行为。
英英解释
- a policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities
[例]
- affirmative action has been extremely controversial and was challenged in 1978 in the Bakke decision
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